Thioflavin T is the standard kinetic readout for peptide fibril formation. This post covers what the dye binds, how the sigmoidal curve is read, and its limits.
Size-exclusion chromatography is used to resolve peptide oligomers from monomer, but small peptides sit at the edge of its range. This post covers column selection, mobile phase, and calibration.
Peptides adsorb to surfaces and re-emerge in later runs. This post reviews carryover mechanisms, blank-injection design, and how artifacts distort reported purity values.
Infrared spectroscopy can probe peptide conformation directly in the freeze-dried state. This post reviews amide I band assignment, second-derivative methods, and interpretive limits.
The appearance of a freeze-dried cake reflects process history more than chemistry. This post reviews cake attributes, their physical origins, and interpretive limits.
Dynamic light scattering detects peptide assemblies that HPLC and visual inspection miss. This post reviews intensity weighting, polydispersity, and interpretive limits.